Calexit Preparations

Recently the state of California has expressed that HAM radio's will no longer be used as Emergency communication.

Too Many Warn of Hot Civil War

When it starts, it will be unlike any notion of Civil War we have. It will not be the Northern states vs. the Southern states like America's history depicts.

Rocket Science History (Mirrored)

Our World is Awakening . net

The wood pigeon and aeolipile do not resemble anything that we would recognize as a rocket. In fact, the exact date when rockets first appeared is still unresolved...

American Aristocracy Revealed

Parallel in history:

The same way the Joseon (now called Korea) Nobility sold out their country to Japan, American Aristocracy has been selling out the United States to Nations in favor of Globalism (China, etc...).

Basic electrical failures

No Source; Open; High Resistance; Short; Ground

Source

The Main source of power on a Motorcycle is the Battery.  The most common electrical failure is the absence of power, or a discharged battery.  The battery does not need to be fully discharged for circuits to stop functioning, as most circuits require a minimum voltage to operate.

Except for off-road bikes, most motorcycles use a 12 Volt Battery, and a minimum of 10.5 Volts is necessary for any system or circuit to function.

One system however will require a fully charged battery to operate: The Starting System.

(Pure off-road bikes often are powered by coils coupled with magnetic rotors, and are started with a kick start.)

Open

A circuit cannot function if any part of the circuit does not allow electricity to complete it’s full Path.

Starts at the source, powers the Load (or component), and returns to the Source.

Examples of Opens:

• Disconnected wire
• Dislodged connector
• Burned Fuse
• Broken switch
• Burned Load device
• Cut wire (often occurs at joints)

High Resistance

Corrosion and Sulfating

Over time, any motorcycle will accumulate corrosion in it’s connectors.  The battery posts and connections are most susceptible to corrosion.  A bluish sulfate powder will form if no maintenance is done on the battery.  It is easily removed, by simply pouring water over them, while the battery is disconnected.  The posts should be free of such sulfate.  For the connectors, dipping them in a cup of water is most efficient.  Of course, once the sulfate is removed, drying the surfaces using an air blower is a must.  Reassembling with water will cause the connections to sulfate all over again.  It is recommended to apply a dielectric grease after assembly to prevent water from entering again.  Most connectors on modern motorcycles are waterproof, and the seals should be inspected, and replaced if necessary.

In switches corrosion or burned contacts will cause high resistance.

Loose crimping of wires to connectors can also occur over time. In addition vibrations can cause a wire to fray and loose it’s conductivity.

Poor connections can cause high resistance. Loose connectors may need replacement. Pin type connectors are very prone to becoming loose, mostly by poor manipulationfrom the owner or the technician. Carelessly probing the front of such connector can cause a new failure.

Any electrical system using a brush type connection will eventually fail over time. Brushes, often made of carbon will wear out and cause a high resistance (starters, alternators).

Shorts

If any part of the positive side of a circuit (before the load device) comes in contact with the negative, a short will occur. The fuse will blow (melt), and the circuit will stop functioning.

Merely reinstalling a new fuse without troubleshooting, will cause the new fuse to melt.

Installing a higher Amp/hour rating Fuse is the worse remedy one could even think of.  This time the wires or the whole harness could melt.

Ground

This type of failure is often called as a loss of control. It can only occur in a circuit where the switch device is on the negative side of the circuit.  Yamaha likes negative switching, most other manufacturers prefer the switch on the positive side.

Some Charging systems are switched on the negative side, as do circuits with a push type switch (starter, ignition cut off…) Some safety devices are often switched on the negative side.

Troubleshooting Shorts

Once the fuse is blown, replace it by a high power bulb (brake light bulb will do).  A bulb in it’s appropriate socket with two male spade connectors can be used, and plugged in the fuses place.  If for a normal size fuse, use large male spade connectors. For Mini fuses, small male spades.

• Make the connection while the negative of the battery is disconnected.
• After identifying the circuits that were inoperable, make a diagram to identify the load devices protected by the fuse.
• Reconnect the battery.
• If the bulb comes ON brightly, either the short is prior to the Main Switch or the circuit is always powered originally (rare: clocks, memory systems…)
• If the bulb is off, turn the main switch ON, if it still isn’t lighting, you may be working on an intermittent circuit: Horn, turn signals, high beam, brake light, etc…)
• Power the appropriate circuit: If the bulb is bright, start disconnecting load devices of the circuit until the bulb becomes DIM. The last load device’s positive side that was disconnected is where the short is.
• Inspect and repair that circuit, including the load device.

Honda CB750 Tail light circuit

One of the simplest circuit to demonstrate how to create a Block Diagram, that came to mind, was the Tail Light circuit off a CB750 wiring diagram (as shown on Lesson 6).  Typically, any technician in need of troubleshooting the circuit would have to either visualize the circuit in his head, or make it on paper.  For a beginner, the piece of paper would be the best option, in order to make sure they are not forgetting anything.

Honda CB750 Service Manual original

As you can see on this Wiring Diagram, the Battery is a 12V 14AH, or 14 Amps per Hour. If the Bike was left with the key ON, and enough components were ON to draw 14A, after an hour, the battery will be flat dead.

When the key is turned OFF, the circuit is said to be open (no path), and the electricity is stopped at the Red wireentering the Ignition Switch.  That means that everything prior, is live or powered.  Starting from the battery positive post, through the heavy gauge wire connects to a Relay that contains the Main Fuse of 30 Amps.  It then flows through the fuse; comes out on a Red wire that travels all the way to the Ignition Switch.  Note that before the switch, there is a 2 Prong connector Black in color.  For more recent models, the ignition switch has at least 4-5 wires, and is a multi function switch.

When the key is turned ON and the circuit is powered (or said to be Closed), the electricity will travel (almost instantly) through the light bulbs (the CB has 2 of them), and will return to the battery through the Frame of the motorcycle.  And will keep doing this circuit until the key is turned OFF or something disconnects or opens.  I mentioned the frame of the motorcycle as it is being used on just about all motorcycles as a conductor of electricity (Automotive in general or Aviation).  The engine is also used as a conductor for other circuits.  See the two drawings below.

On all Honda’s you can assume that the Green wires are the negative side.  Every single Load device will use either a Green wire, the frame, or the engine for the return to the negative side of the battery. A few Manufacturer’s Ground wire colors:

• Honda => Green
• Harley => Black
• Kawasaki => Black with a Yellow stripe.
• Suzuki => Black with a White stripe.
• Yamaha => Black

To identify what is shown on a diagram, you will need to get familiar with the Symbols used in the industry.

Sample Symbols

Fuses are here to protect the circuits from excessive electrical flow.  They are rated in Amps according to the amount of electricity allowed to flow in each circuit.  Reminder: some fuses are used for multiple circuits (ie: Main Fuse).  Fuses are meant to prevent circuits from melting or catching fire.  When too much electricity flows through them, they are the first to melt or POP, and create an OPEN in the the circuit, rendering inoperable.  You then need to figure out why it happened, and then replace the fuse.  Failing to know the cause and fixing the cause will result in another burned fuse.

Another type of circuit protection is the Circuit Breaker, found on some Suzuki’s and Harley Davidson’s.  Those, you can, and should only reset.