Showing posts with label Mesopotamia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mesopotamia. Show all posts

Monday, December 16, 2024

Book of Jubilees 27, 28

JUBILEES 27

Rebecca calls Yacob and sends him to Laban

1 And the words of Esau, her elder son, were told to Rebecca in a dream, and Rebecca sent and called Yacob her younger son,
2 And said to him: 'Behold Esau your brother will take vengeance on you so as to kill you.
3 Now, therefore, my son, obey my voice, and arise and flee you to Laban, my brother, to Haran, and tarry with him a few days until your brother's anger turns away, and he remove his anger from you, and forget all that you have done; then I will send and fetch you from there.'
4,5 And Yacob said: 'I am not afraid; if he wishes to kill me, I will kill him.' But she said unto him: 'Let me not be bereft of both my sons on one day.'
6 And Yacob said to Rebecca his mother: 'Behold, you know that my father has become old, and does not see because his eyes are dull, and if I leave him it will be evil in his eyes, because I leave him and go away from you, and my father will be angry, and will curse me. I will not go; when he sends me, then only will I go.'
7 And Rebecca said to Yacob: 'I will go in and speak to him, and he will send you away.'
8 And Rebecca went in and said to Yitschaq: 'I loathe my life because of the two daughters of Heth, whom Esau has taken him as wives; and if Yacob take a wife from among the daughters of the land such as these, for what purpose do I further live, for the daughters of Canaan are evil.'
9 And Yitschaq called Yacob and blessed him, and admonished him and said to him:
10 'Do not take you a wife of any of the daughters of Canaan; arise and go to Mesopotamia, to the house of Bethuel, your mother's father, and take you a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban, your mother's brother.
11 And YAHWEH Almighty bless you and increase and multiply you that you may become a company of nations, and give you the blessings of my father Abraham, to you and to your seed after you, that you may inherit the land of your sojournings and all the land which YAHWEH gave to Abraham: go, my son, in shalom.'
12 And Yitschaq sent Yacob away, and he went to Mesopotamia, to Laban the son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebecca, Yacob's mother.
13 And it came to pass after Yacob had arisen to go to Mesopotamia that the spirit of Rebecca was grieved after her son, and she wept.
14 And Yitschaq said to Rebecca: 'My sister, weep not on account of Yacob, my son; for he goes in shalom, and in shalom will he return.
15 The Most High YAHWEH will preserve him from all evil, and will be with him; for He will not forsake him all his days;
16 For I know that his ways will be prospered in all things wherever he goes, until he return in shalom to us, and we see him in shalom.
17 Fear not on his account, my sister, for he is on the upright path and he is a perfect man: and he is faithful and will not perish. Weep not.'
18 And Yitschaq comforted Rebecca on account of her son Yacob, and blessed him.
19 And Yacob went from the “Well of the Oath” to go to Haran on the first year of the second week in the forty-fourth jubilee, and he came to Luz on the mountains, that is, Bethel, on the new month of the first month of this week, [2115 A.M.] and he came to the place at even and turned from the way to the west of the road that night: and he slept there; for the sun had set.
20 And he took one of the stones of that place and laid under the tree, and he was journeying alone, and he slept.
21 And he dreamt that night, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven, and behold, the malakim of YAHWEH ascended and descended on it: and behold, YAHWEH stood upon it.
22 And he spoke to Yacob and said: 'I am YAHWEH ALMIGHTY of Abraham, your father, and the ALMIGHTY of Yitschaq; the land whereon you are sleeping, to you will I give it, and to your seed after you.
23 And your seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and you shall increase to the west and to the east, to the north and the south, and in you and in your seed shall all the families of the nations be blessed.
24 And behold, I will be with you, and will keep you wheresoever’s you go, and I will bring you again into this land in shalom; for I will not leave you until I do everything that I told you of.'
25 And Yacob awoke from his sleep, and said, 'Truly this place is the house of YAHWEH, and I knew it not.' And he was afraid and said: 'Dreadful is this place which is none other than the house of YAHWEH, and this is the gate of heaven.'
26 And Yacob arose early in the morning, and took the stone which he had put under his head and set it up as a pillar for a sign, and he poured oil upon the top of it. And he called the name of that place Bethel; but the name of the place was Luz at the first.
27 And Yacob vowed a vow unto YAHWEH, saying: 'If YAHWEH will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and give me bread to eat and raiment to put on, so that I come again to my father's house in shalom, then shall YAHWEH be my Sovereign Ruler, and this stone which I have set up as a pillar for a sign in this place, shall be YAHWEH's house, and of all that you give me, I shall give the tenth to you, my ALMIGHTY.'

JUBILEES 28

Laban gives Leah his elder daughter to Yacob as a wife

1 And he went on his journey, and came to the land of the east, to Laban, the brother of Rebecca, and he was with him, and served him for Rachel his daughter one week.
2 And in the first year of the third week [2122 A.M.] he said to him: 'Give me my wife, for whom I have served you seven years '; and Laban said to Yacob: 'I will give you your wife.'
3 And Laban made a feast, and took Leah his elder daughter, and gave (her) to Yacob as a wife, and gave her Zilpah his handmaid for an handmaid; and Yacob did not know, for he thought that she was Rachel.
4 And he went in unto her, and behold, she was Leah; and Yacob was angry with Laban, and said to him: 'Why have you dealt this way with me? Did not I serve you for Rachel and not for Leah? Why have you wronged me?
5 Take your daughter, and I will go; for you have done evil to me.' For Yacob loved Rachel more than Leah; for Leah's eyes were weak, but her form was very handsome; but Rachel had beautiful eyes and a beautiful and very handsome form.
6 And Laban said to Yacob: 'It is not so done in our country, to give the younger before the elder.' And it is not right to do this; for thus it is ordained and written in the heavenly tablets, that no one should give his younger daughter before the elder; but the elder, one gives first and after her the younger -and the man who does so, they set down guilt against him in heaven, and none is righteous that does this thing, for this deed is evil before YAHWEH.
7 And command you the children of Yisrael that they do not this thing; let them neither take nor give the younger before they have given the elder, for it is very wicked.
8 And Laban said to Yacob: 'Let the seven days of the feast of this one pass by, and I shall give you Rachel, that you may serve me another seven years, that you may pasture my sheep as you didst in the former week.' And on the day when the seven days of the feast of Leah had passed, Laban gave Rachel to Yacob, that he might serve him another seven years, and he gave to Rachel Bilhah, the sister of Zilpah, as a handmaid.
10 And he served yet other seven years for Rachel, for Leah had been given to him for nothing.
11 And YAHWEH opened the womb of Leah, and she conceived and bare Yacob a son, and he called his name Reuben, on the fourteenth day of the ninth month, in the first year of the third week. [2122 A.M.]
12 But the womb of Rachel was closed, for YAHWEH saw that Leah was hated and Rachel loved.
13 And again Yacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare Yacob a second son, and he called his name Simeon, on the twenty-first of the tenth month, and in the third year of this week. [2124 A.M.]
14 And again Yacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare him a third son, and he called his name Levi, in the new month of the first month in the sixth year of this week. [2127 A.M.]
15 And again Yacob went in unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a fourth son, and he called his name Yahudah, on the fifteenth of the third month, in the first year of the fourth week. [2129 A.M.]
16 And on account of all this Rachel envied Leah, for she did not bear, and she said to Yacob: 'Give me children'; and Yacob said: 'Have I withheld from you the fruits of your womb? Have I forsaken you?'
17 And when Rachel saw that Leah had borne four sons to Yacob, Reuben and Simeon and Levi and Yahudah, she said to him: 'Go in unto Bilhah my handmaid, and she will conceive, and bear a son unto me.'
18 And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife. And he went in unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a son, and he called his name Dan, on the ninth of the sixth month, in the sixth year of the third week. [2127 A.M.]
19 And Yacob went in again unto Bilhah a second time, and she conceived, and bare Yacob another son, and Rachel called his name Napthali, on the fifth of the seventh month, in the second year of the fourth week. [2130 A.M.]
20 And when Leah saw that she had become sterile and did not bear, she envied Rachel, and she also gave her handmaid Zilpah to Yacob to wife, and she conceived, and bare a son, and Leah called his name Gad, on the twelfth of the eighth month, in the third year of the fourth week. [2131 A.M.]
21 And he went in again unto her, and she conceived, and bare him a second son, and Leah called his name Asher, on the second of the eleventh month, in the fifth year of the fourth week. [2133 A.M.]
22 And Yacob went in unto Leah, and she conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Issachar, on the fourth of the fifth month, in the fourth year of the fourth week,[2132 A.M.] and she gave him to a nurse.
23 And Yacob went in again unto her, and she conceived, and bare two (children), a son and a daughter, and she called the name of the son Zabulon, and the name of the daughter Dinah, in the seventh of the seventh month, in the sixth year of the fourth week. [2134 A.M.]
24 And YAHWEH was gracious to Rachel, and opened her womb, and she conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Yoseph, on the new month of the fourth month, in the sixth year in this fourth week. [2134 A.M.]
25 And in the days when Yoseph was born, Yacob said to Laban: 'Give me my wives and sons, and let me go to my father Yitschaq, and let me make me an house; for I have completed the years in which I have served you for your two daughters, and I will go to the house of my father.'
26 And Laban said to Yacob: 'Tarry with me for your wages, and pasture my flock for me again, and take your wages.'
27 And they agreed with one another that he should give him as his wages those of the lambs and kids which were born black and spotted and white, (these) were to be his wages.
28 And all the sheep brought forth spotted and speckled and black, variously marked, and they brought forth again lambs like themselves, and all that were spotted were Yacob's and those which were not were Laban's.
29 And Yacob's possessions multiplied exceedingly, and he possessed oxen and sheep and asses and camels, and menservants and maid-servants.
30 And Laban and his sons envied Yacob, and Laban took back his sheep from him, and he observed him with evil intent.


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Saturday, September 28, 2024

Jasher, Chapter 66

Year 2363
1 At that time died Hadad the son of Bedad king of Edom, and Samlah from Mesrekah, from the country of the children of the east, reigned in his place.
2 In the thirteenth year of the reign of Pharaoh king of Egypt, which was the hundred and twenty-fifth year of the Yisraelites going down into Egypt, Samlah had reigned over Edom eighteen years.
3 And when he reigned, he drew forth his hosts to go and fight against Zepho the son of Eliphaz and the children of Chittim, because they had made war against Angeas king of Africa, and they destroyed his whole army.
4 But he did not engage with him, for the children of Esau prevented him, saying, He was their brother, so Samlah listened to the voice of the children of Esau, and turned back with all his forces to the land of Edom, and did not proceed to fight against Zepho the son of Eliphaz.
5 And Pharaoh king of Egypt heard this thing, saying, Samlah king of Edom has resolved to fight the children of Chittim, and afterward he will come to fight against Egypt.
6 And when the Egyptians heard this matter, they increased the labor upon the children of Yisrael, lest the Yisraelites should do unto them as they did unto them in their war with the children of Esau in the days of Hadad.
7 So the Egyptians said unto the children of Yisrael, Hasten and do your work, and finish your task, and strengthen the land, lest the children of Esau your brethren should come to fight against us, for on your account will they come against us.
8 And the children of Yisrael did the work of the men of Egypt day by day, and the Egyptians afflicted the children of Yisrael in order to lessen them in the land.
9 But as the Egyptians increased the labor upon the children of Yisrael, so did the children of Yisrael increase and multiply, and all Egypt was filled with the children of Yisrael.
10 And in the hundred and twenty-fifth year of Yisrael's going down into Egypt, all the Egyptians saw that their counsel did not succeed against Yisrael, but that they increased and grew, and the land of Egypt and the land of Goshen were filled with the children of Yisrael.
11 So all the elders of Egypt and its wise men came before the king and bowed down to him and sat before him.
12 And all the elders of Egypt and the wise men thereof said unto the king, May the king live forever; you didst counsel us the counsel against the children of Yisrael, and we did unto them according to the word of the king.
13 But in proportion to the increase of the labor so do they increase and grow in the land, and behold the whole country is filled with them.
14 Now therefore our lord and king, the eyes of all Egypt are upon you to give them advice with your wisdom, by which they may prevail over Yisrael to destroy them, or to diminish them from the land; and the king answered them saying, Give you counsel in this matter that we may know what to do unto them.
15 And an officer, one of the king's counsellors, whose name was Job, from Mesopotamia, in the land of Uz, answered the king, saying,
16 If it please the king, let him hear the counsel of his servant; and the king said unto him, Speak.
17 And Job spoke before the king, the princes, and before all the elders of Egypt, saying,
18 Behold the counsel of the king which he advised formerly respecting the labor of the children of Yisrael is very good, and you must not remove from them that labor forever.
19 But this is the advice counselled by which you may lessen them, if it seems good to the king to afflict them.
20 Behold we have feared war for a long time, and we said, When Yisrael becomes fruitful in the land, they will drive us from the land if a war should take place.
21 If it please the king, let a royal decree go forth, and let it be written in the laws of Egypt which shall not be revoked, that every male child born to the Yisraelites, his blood shall be spilled upon the ground.
22 And by your doing this, when all the male children of Yisrael shall have died, the evil of their wars will cease; let the king do so and send for all the Hebrew midwives and order them in this matter to execute it; so the thing pleased the king and the princes, and the king did according to the word of Job.
23 And the king sent for the Hebrew midwives to be called, of which the name of one was Shephrah, and the name of the other Puah.
24 And the midwives came before the king, and stood in his presence.
25 And the king said unto them, When you do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools, if it be a son, then you shall kill him, but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.
26 But if you will not do this thing, then will I burn you up and all your houses with fire.
27 But the midwives feared YAHWEH and did not hearken to the king of Egypt nor to his words, and when the Hebrew women brought forth to the midwife son or daughter, then did the midwife do all that was necessary to the child and let it live; thus did the midwives all the days.
28 And this thing was told to the king, and he sent and called for the midwives and he said to them, Why have you done this thing and have saved the children alive?
29 And the midwives answered and spoke together before the king, saying,
30 Let not the king think that the Hebrew women are as the Egyptian women, for all the children of Yisrael are hale, and before the midwife comes to them they are delivered, and as for us your handmaids, for many days no Hebrew woman has brought forth upon us, for all the Hebrew women are their own midwives, because they are hale.
31 And Pharaoh heard their words and believed them in this matter, and the midwives went away from the king, and YAHWEH dealt well with them, and the people multiplied and waxed exceedingly.

Job in the Bible. Is he the same Job? Or was Satan's attack on his character what caused him to do what he did, and yet later God forgave him?

The Book of Jasher Index - Previous Chapter - Next Chapter

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Saturday, September 4, 2021

The Old World



2344 B.C.

As the waters receded, the Arc landed on Mt. Ararat, located in today’s Turkey. (1938 a Russian pilot claims to have taken pictures of the Arc from 14,000 feet. Many hiking expeditions have visited the site since.)


The passengers of the Arc disembarked.  The animals free to roam, the eight remaining humans started new civilizations. Noah, his wife, and three sons, were selected because they were pure. The Son’s wife’s however, two of them proved to have been tainted genetically. In the later generations of Ham and JaphethGiants did reoccur, not at the same rate as before, but they did. On Shem’s side however men were untainted.

His days shall be an hundred and twenty years God said about Man. Therefore, the generations that followed had reduced life spans.


Ham and Japheth had made their separate ways to different areas than Noah and Shem.


2300 B.C.


– Nimrod, grand-son of Ham, or also known as Gilgamesh, was a man of great stature (his bed was 12 feet long), and became the King of the land of Shinar or modern days Mesopotamia. In his kingdom was built the tower of Babel. Nimrod was the only and last King of the World.

– The first Egyptian civilizations were followed by the Old Kingdom.

First recorded exploring expedition: Hannu is said to have sailed down the Red Sea to explore the southeastern areas of the Arabian peninsula (called Punt), during Egypt’s 2nd dynasty. He sailed to what is now part of eastern Ethiopia and Somalia.

– Beginning of the early Chinese civilizations.

– Another old world civilization rose in the Hindus Valley.


2300-2200 B.C. The great navigators and traders of Phoenicia.

2200 B.C.

– After their travels around today’s Russia, through the tip of North America, settlements in South Central America gave birth to the Mayan civilizations.




2200 B.C.

– Traces of the Ancient Chosun civilization were found in the areas of today’s northern Korea, and the south east of today’s China. It later led to the Gojoseon Kingdom (ancestor of today’s Korea).


2000 B.C. At 100 years old, Abraham (descendant of Shem) had his second son by his 90 year old wife Sarah: Isaac. He then sent away his first son Ishmael and the mother Hagar maid of Sarah. Ishmael was to be the ancestor of the nations of Arabia.


1600 B.C. Ancient Greece early stages, to culminate under Alexander The Great of Macedonia.


1500 B.C. Moses (the author of Genesis) Exodus, flight from Egypt. 40 years and Joshua leads the people of Israel over the Jordan.


1100 B.C. Saul and the Kingdom of Israel (Capital: Jerusalem). Under the second King, David, expanded its military power and conquests. The 3rd King Solomon, took the Kingdom to a prosperity known by all neighbors. He actively worked and traded with the Phoenicians and Assyrians. The Kingdom split right after his death (974 BC.). First, the Northern Kingdom was invaded by the Assyrians (Capital Damascus was destroyed).  Later, the Southern Kingdom (Jerusalem) was utterly destroyed by the Babylonians around 600 B.C. The survivors fled or were taken captive.


6th Century B.C. Scylax of Caryanda was an ancient Greek explorer who explored the Middle East, including the Indus River. He sailed from the city of Caspatyrus (in Pactyica) toward the sea and explored for 30 months. Scylax was sent by the Emperor Darius of Persia (now Iran), who wanted the information in order to expand his empire and conquer India.


550 B.C. The Persian Empire succeeded the Assyrians and the Babylonians, until the Muslim conquest around 650 AD.



500 B.C. Roman civilization gave birth to the mighty Roman Empire. It’s division and gradual decline until the end of 4th century AD.


114 B.C.  Zhang Qian was a Chinese explorer who traveled to the steppes of Central Asia during the reign of the Han dynasty Emperor Han Wudi. He was the first person to bring information on this area to China. From this 12-year journey, Zhang Qian was named supreme counselor of the palace by the Emperor. Many years later, the Emperor sent him to visit the Wu-sun people to the northwest of China, another Indo-European tribe living in what is now Russia. His travels, and those of his assistants (who visited Uzbekistan and Afghanistan) opened up Chinese trade and helped begin the Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.     












Tuesday, May 23, 2017

Great Civilizations and Empires

Ancient civilizations and Empires

  • 3300 BC. - Early civilizations, Mesopotamia, was located in the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders. They were Herders, Farmers, had knowledge of Brass and Iron, Cuneiform writing. 
    Mesopotamia Cuneiform writing
  • 2300 BC. Nimrod, the Babylonians...
  • 2300 BC. was the beginning of the first Egyptian civilization followed by the Old Kingdom.
  • 2300 BC. The Yellow Emperor is said to be the ancestor of Chinese civilizations.
  • 2300 BC. The Hindus Valley civilizations, one the 3 old world early civilizations.
  • 2300-2200 BC. Phoenicia: The great navigators, traders.
  • 2200 BC. The Mayan civilizations of central America.
  • 2200 BC. Traces of Ancient Chosun civilization were found in the areas of Northern Korea, and the south east of today's China. It led to the Gojoseon Kingdom (ancestors of today's Korea).
  • 1600 BC. Ancient Greece early stages, to culminate under Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
  • 1100 BC.  Birth of the Kingdom of Israel. Under the second King, David, expanded its military power and conquests. The 3rd King Solomon, took the Kingdom to a prosperity known by all neighbors. He actively worked and traded with the Phoenicians and Assyrians. The Kingdom split right after his death (974 BC.). First, the Northern Kingdom was invaded by the Assyrians (Capital Damascus was destroyed).  Later, the Southern Kingdom was utterly destroyed by the Babylonians around 600 BC. The survivors fled or were taken captive.
  • Kingdom of Israel
    Persian Empire
  • 550 BC. The Persian Empire succeeded the Assyrians and the Babylonians, until the Muslim conquest around 650 AD. 
  • 500 BC. Roman civilization gave birth to the mighty Roman Empire. It's division and gradual decline until the end of 4th century AD.
  • 622 AD The Muslim Empire began with the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, It's expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate (7th century), extended conquests to southern Europe, including North Africa, Caucasus and central Asia until 1099. 
    Muslim Umayyad Caliphate
  • 1200 AD The Aztecs. The Nahua people and the Aztlan migrants formed what was to become the Aztec Empire. It ended with the Spanish conquest under Hernan Cortes. (15th century)
  • 1200 AD The Incas begun in the area of Cusco Peru. They were conquered by the Spanish Francisco Pizarro in the mid 15th century.
  • 1206 AD Genghis Khan proclaimed ruler of the Mongols. Followed 2 centuries of conquest to create the largest contiguous land Empire in history. Civil war and division ended this huge Empire.
  • 16th Century saw the rise of the Spanish Empire. It became a global power by the 18th century with the greatest territorial expansion.
  • Late 16th Century, the British Empire, a Global power by the late 1800's. Largest Empire in history.
  • Late 16th Century, the French Colonial Empire, became Napoleon's conquest Empire in the early 1800's.
  • 17th Century Russian Empire stretching over 3 continents, defeated Napoleon's ambitions.
Chronological view of Ancient Civilizations and the greatest Empires of the World.



Sunday, December 4, 2016

Civilizations and Empires of the World

Ancient civilizations and Empires

  • 3300 BC. - Mesopotamia, was located in the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
  • 3200 BC. was the beginning of the first Egyptian civilization followed by the Old Kingdom.
  • 2698 BC. The Yellow Emperor is said to be the ancestor of Chinese civilizations.
  • 2600 BC. The Mayan civilizations of central America.
  • 2600 BC. The Hindus Valley civilizations, one the 3 old world early civilizations.
  • 2300 BC. traces of Ancient Chosun civilization were found in the areas of Northern Korea, and the south east of today's China. It led to the Gojoseon Kingdom (ancestors of today's Korea).
  • 1600 BC. Ancient Greece early stages.
  • 550 BC. The Persian Empire until the Muslim conquest around 650 AD.
  • 500 BC. Roman civilization gave birth to the mighty Roman Empire. It's division and gradual decline until the end of 4th century AD.
  • 622 AD The Muslim Empire began with the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, It's expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate (7th century), extended conquests to southern Europe, including North Africa, Caucasus and central Asia until 1099.
  • 1200 AD The Aztecs. The Nahua people and the Aztlan migrants formed what was to become the Aztec Empire. It ended with the Spanish conquest under Hernan Cortes. (15th century)
  • 1200 AD The Incas begun in the area of Cusco Peru. They were conquered by the Spanish Francisco Pizarro in the mid 15th century.
  • 1206 AD Genghis Khan proclaimed ruler of the Mongols. Followed 2 centuries of conquest to create the largest contiguous land Empire in history. Civil war and division ended this huge Empire.
  • 16th Century saw the rise of the Spanish Empire. It became a global power by the 18th century with the greatest territorial expansion.
  • Late 16th Century, the British Empire, a Global power by the late 1800's. Largest Empire in history.
  • Late 16th Century, the French Colonial Empire, became Napoleon's conquest Empire in the early 1800's.
  • 17th Century Russian Empire stretching over 3 continents, defeated Napoleon's ambitions.
Chronological view of Ancient Civilizations and the greatest Empires of the World.